General pathology - inflamation

**Sally** · 27th September 2006 05:17 PM

compelment activation , alternative pathway,diagram

Complement proteins are present in circulation and can be activated by a variety of mechanisms. Bacterial products can set off the "alternate pathway" as shown above schematically. The complement cascade can generate active compounds such as C3b that functions as an opsonin, or C5a that attracts neutrophils. If the C5-9 complex (the "membrane attack complex") is generated, the cell to which the complex is attached can be lysed by perforation of its cell membrane.

**Sally** · 27th September 2006 05:22 PM

Compelement activation, classic pathway,diagram

Complement proteins are present in circulation and can be activated by a variety of mechanisms. Attached immunoglobulins can set off the "classic pathway" as shown above schematically. The complement cascade can generate active compounds such as C3b that functions as an opsonin, or C5a that attracts neutrophils. If the C5-9 complex (the "membrane attack complex") is generated, the cell to which the complex is attached can be lysed by perforation of its cell membrane.

**Sally** · 27th September 2006 05:25 PM

Neutrophil function, Diagram

Following engulfment, the bacterium is contained within a phagosome, and lysosomal granules fuse with it, releasing their contents to form the phagolysosome seen here. Rapid activation of NADPH oxidase leads to generation of superoxide that is converted to hydrogen peroxide by spontaneous dismutation. Along with myeloperoxidase from the neutrophil azurophilic granules and halide ion, hydrogen peroxide is converted to HOCL that destroys the bacterium by halogenation

**Sally** · 27th September 2006 05:28 PM

Inflammation with necrosis low power microscopic

The vasculitis shown here demonstrates the destruction that can accompany the acute inflammatory process and the interplay with the coagulation mechanism. The arterial wall is undergoing necrosis, and there is thrombus formation in the lumen.

**Sally** · 27th September 2006 05:30 PM

Inflammation with necrosis high power microscopic

At higher magnification, vasculitis with arterial wall necrosis is seen. Note the fragmented remains of neutrophilic nuclei (karyorrhexis). Acute inflammation is a non-selective process that can lead to tissue destruction.

**Sally** · 27th September 2006 05:36 PM

with macrophage phagocytosis high powe microscopic

Of course, inflammatory reactions are not neatly categorized by cell type. A variety of inflammatory cell types may be present, though one may predominate. Seen here are mainly neutrophils, but there are also plasma cells, lymphocytes, and macrophages. Macrophages can phagocytoze other cells as well as cellular debris. One macrophage here has "pigged out" by consuming a neutrophil, a red blood cell, and a nuclear fragment.

**C.Ronaldo** · 27th September 2006 07:49 PM

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**Amir** · 27th September 2006 07:57 PM

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