General pathology - inflamation

**Sally** · 27th September 2006 08:27 AM

de sewar lel7alat el pathology elly hana5odha el sana de isA
hatnfe3na fe el 3amally we akeed fe el 6eb 3omomn ba3d keda

Erythema,Gross

The cardinal signs of inflammation are rubor (redness), calor (heat), tumor (swelling), dolor (pain), and loss of function. Seen here is skin with erythema, compared to the more normal skin at the far right.

**Sally** · 27th September 2006 08:31 AM

Erythema and edema & Gross

The arm at the bottom is swollen (edematous) and reddened (erythematous) compared to the arm at the top.

**Sally** · 27th September 2006 08:35 AM

Microscopic Neutrophilia ,peripheral blood

Acute inflammation is marked by an increase in inflammatory cells. Perhaps the simplest indicator of acute inflammation is an increase in the white blood cell count in the peripheal blood, here marked by an increase in segmented neutrophils (PMN's).

**Sally** · 27th September 2006 08:42 AM

Laboratory insturment for generating CBC

Here is a laboratory instrument called a Coulter Counter that enumerates the white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets in the peripehral blood. A "CBC" (complete blood count) is a commonly ordered laboratory test that is done on this instrument and gives important data, particularly in regard to WBC's.

**Sally** · 27th September 2006 08:44 AM

Exudation microscopic

Seen here is vasodilation with exudation that has led to an outpouring of fluid with fibrin into the alveolar spaces, along with PMN's. The series of events in the process of inflammation are:
Vasodilation: leads to greater blood flow to the area of inflammation, resulting in redness and heat.

Vascular permeability: endothelial cells become "leaky" from either direct endothelial cell injury or via chemical mediators.

Exudation: fluid, proteins, red blood cells, and white blood cells escape from the intravascular space as a result of increased osmotic pressure extravascularly and increased hydrostatic pressure intravascularly

Vascular stasis: slowing of the blood in the bloodstream with vasodilation and fluid exudation to allow chemical mediators and inflammatory cells to collect and respond to the stimulus.

**Sally** · 27th September 2006 08:48 AM

Exudation,Diagram

The diagram shown here illustrates the process of exudation, aided by endothelial cell contraction and vasodilation, which typically is most pronounced in venules. Chemical mediators producing endothelial contraction include: histamine, leukotrienes, bradykinin, platelet activating factor, and the C3a and C5a components from complement activation. Mediators of this process over a longer term include tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1. Chemical mediators that promote vasodilation include: histamine, prostaglandins, and nitric oxide.

**C.Ronaldo** · 27th September 2006 07:49 PM

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Rabbena y5alleky leena :P:P

**Amir** · 27th September 2006 07:57 PM

el awel maghood ra2e3
bas fee moshkela el swar el microscobic lesa magash wa2taha fayareet te7awly tenazamy el mawdoo3 3ashan ne2dar nestafeed

shokran gedan marah tanya